Parenting resources with sources · Ages 0–18
GuidelineEvidence: Official guidelineAges 0–4

Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development

Author or publisher WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group Published 2018 Reviewed by eduStack editors Last checked 13 Nov 2026

1What parents should know

The international framework for early childhood. It names five components of nurturing care - good health, adequate nutrition, safety and security, responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning.

2Sources and check record

https://nurturing-care.org/ WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group. Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development. 2018 Last checked · 13 Nov 2026

The research behind it

Start with the finding, then check the study type, source and limits. We select research by topic; a programme’s overall effect does not establish the effect of each activity.
  • In a study of 4- to 6-year-olds, the number of back-and-forth conversational turns with adults predicted activity in language areas of the brain better than the number of words children heard.

    Single-time studyRomeo et al., Psychological Science, 2018Study details
  • 9-month-old infants learned Mandarin speech sounds from live sessions with a person, but not from the same material shown on video or audio.

    ExperimentKuhl, Tsao & Liu, PNAS, 2003Study details

Related

Guideline Evidence: Official guideline 2 months–6 years
CDC's Developmental Milestones (Learn the Signs. Act Early.)

Checklists of what most children can do at 12 ages from 2 months to 5 years, covering social, language, thinking and movement skills.

US Centers for Disease Control and Preventionrevised 2022
Practical resource Evidence: Expert opinion Ages 0–6
Serve and return: noticing and responding to your child

A university explainer about the back-and-forth between a young child and a caring adult: notice a look, sound or gesture, respond, and leave room for the child to respond again.

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard UniversityUndated concept page